Incident and related risk factors of hypertension in women with a history of preeclampsia / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) and to estimate related risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this prospective case-control study, we collected clinical data from 809 women with a history of PE and 3 421 women with normal pregnancy from January 2008 to June 2012. Between November 2012 and April 2013, 651 women in PE group and 2 684 women with normal pregnancy group were recruited at the same time for collecting postpartum data including blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the relative factors of postpartum blood pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prevalence of hypertension in PE group was higher than those with normal pregnancy (17.2% (112/651) vs. 1.1% (30/2 684), P < 0.01). Prevalence of hypertension in severe PE and mild PE patients was similar (20.1% (58/289) vs. 15.2% (55/362), P = 0.103). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that progestational body mass index (OR = 1.379, 95% CI: 1.257-1.510, P < 0.05) , antepartum systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.025, 95%CI:1.012-1.040, P < 0.05) , antepartum triglyceride (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.002-1.410, P < 0.05) , antepartum fasting blood glucose (OR = 1.733, 95% CI: 1.047-2.870, P < 0.05) , postpartum body mass index (OR = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.199-1.363, P < 0.05), postpartum fasting insulin (OR = 1.107, 95% CI: 1.055-1.162, P < 0.05) , systolic blood pressure difference between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 1.024, 95% CI :1.011-1.037, P < 0.05) , difference on triglyceride value between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.069-1.486, P < 0.01), difference value of HOMA-IR between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 2.448, 95% CI: 1.330-4.500, P < 0.01) and difference value of high density lipoprotein cholesterol between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 1.699, 95% CI: 1.277-2.260, P < 0.05) were associated with hypertension after pregnancy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Women with history of PE are associated with higher risk of postpartum hypertension. Increased blood pressure, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy are major risk factors for postpartum hypertension.</p>

Evaluation of the diagnostic criteria of gestational metabolic syndrome and analysis of the risk factors / 中华妇产科杂志

Objectives To investigate gestational multiple metabolic abnormalities aggregation and diagnostic criteria for gestational metabolic syndrome(GMS),and to analyze the risk factors of GMS.Methods A cohort study recruiting 309 pregnant women with preeclampsia,627 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and 1245 normal pregnant women was performed from January 2008 to December 2011 in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital.Information regarding age,gestational weeks,basic blood pressure,admission blood pressure,height and body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy was recorded.Biochemical indicators including fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),free fatty acids(FFA)were tested.GMS was diagnosed with three or all of the following conditions:(1)overweight and/or obesity before pregnancy(BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2);(2)hypertension with blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa);(3)hyperglycemia:diagnosed as GDM;(4)dyslipidemia with TG≥3.23 mmol/L The incidence of GMS of the three groups were calculated and the risk factors were analyzed.Results(1)The age,gestational weeks,basic blood pressure,admission blood pressure,BMI before pregnancy of women with preeclampsia and women with GDM were significantly different compared to normal women,respectively(P ＜ 0.01).(2)Biochemical indicators of women with preeclampsia were as following:FPG(4.6 ± 1.0)mmol/L,FINS(10.1 ± 5.6)mU/L,TC(6.3 ±1.6)mmol/L,TG(3.9 ± 1.8)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.4 ±0.4)mmol/L,LDL-C(3.0 ± 1.0)mmol/L,FFA (0.8 ±0.4)mmol/L.And those in women with GDM were:FPG(4.7 ± 0.9)mmoL/L,FINS(10.2 ± 5.8)mU/L,TC(5.7 ± 1.3)mmol/L,TG(3.2 ± 1.1)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.4 ± 0.4)mmol/L,LDL-C (2.7 ± 0.9)mmol/L,FFA(0.6 ± 0.3)mmol/L In normal pregnant women they were:FPG(4.3 ±0.5)mmol/L,FINS(9.0±4.4)mU/L,TC(5.7 ±1.1)mmol/L,TG(2.8 ±1.1)mmol/L,HDL-C (1.5 ± 0.4)mmol/L,LDL-C(2.9 ± 0.8)mmol/L,FFA(0.6 ± 0.2)mmol/L Statistic differences were found in preeclampsia and GDM women compared to normal women respectively(P ＜ 0.01).(3)The prevalence of GMS in preeclampsia group and in GDM group was 26.2％(81/309)and 13.6％(85/627),statistically different from that of the control group(0)(P ＜0.01).(4)Compared to normal women,women with preeclampsia had higher risk of developing GMS(OR =1.62,95 ％ CI 1.31-2.00,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors were BMI(OR =1.29,95％ CI 1.13-1.47)and TG(OR =2.49,95％ CI 1.87-3.31).Also,women with GDM had higher risk of developing GMS than normal women(OR =1.27,95％ CI 1.09-1.49,P ＜ 0.01),and the risk factors were BMI(OR =1.13,95 ％ CI 1.04-1.23)and TG(OR =1.16,95 ％ CI 1.02-1.33).TG was the independent risk factor in both preeclampsia women and GDM women(P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).HDL-C seemed to have less importance in identifying GMS(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions According to the GMS diagnostic criteria used in this study,some preeclampsia patients and some GDM women had aggregation of multiple metabolic abnormalities including pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity,hyperglycemia,high blood pressure and dyslipidemia.TG was the independent risk factor for GMS.HDL-C seemed to have less importance in identifying GMS.